Rules
Three card poker is two games in one. The player may bet on either
one, both, and in different amounts. Both games are based on hands
consisting of three cards. Before I go on here are the possible hands
in three card poker, the number of combinations of each hand, and
the probability of forming. Note that a straight is harder to form
than a flush.
Pairplus
This is a simple game in which you get three cards and are paid
according to their value. The dealer's hand is immaterial. There
is no raising and no discarding, in fact no skill of any kind is
involved.
Ante and Play
Play begins with a wager on ante. After the player views his three
cards he may either raise by putting an equal bet on play or fold
and lose the ante bet. If the player folds he also loses the pairplus
bet if one was made, however this should not be any sacrifice because
if the pairplus bet paid anything the player shouldn't fold.
If the player does raise then he goes against the dealer's hand.
The dealer needs at least a queen high to qualify. Below are the
possible outcomes and their payoff:
Dealer does not qualify: Ante wins 1 to 1, play bet is returned
Dealer qualifies and player beats dealer: Both play and ante win
1 to 1
Dealer qualifies and dealer beats player: Both Play and ante lose
Dealer qualifies and dealer ties player: Both Play and ante push
Optimal strategy in ante and play is to raise if you have a queen/6/4
(that is a queen, 6, and 4 all in the same hand) or greater, regardless
of the bonus pay table. Overall the player stands to lose 8.66%
of the original wager but win 5.29% on the bonus.
Many people have asked me what I mean by queen/6/4, wondering for
example whether queen/7/3 is greater than queen/6/4. In any poker
based game hands are scored first according to the highest card,
then the second, and then the third, and so on if there are more.
So a queen/7/3 would beat queen/6/4. The queens tie so the second
highest cards are used to break the tie, and a 7 beats a 6. The
third card does not matter in this case because the hand was resolved
by the second card.
If you want to know why queen/6/4 is the borderline hand it is
because if you raise on queen/6/3 you can expect to lose 1.00255
units, more than the 1 unit by folding. However if you raise on
queen/6/4 the expected loss is .993378, less than the 1 unit by
folding.
I have been asked several times about the strategy of raising on
any queen or better, in other words mimicing the dealer. This is
not a bad strategy but you will lose more with it than the optimal
strategy above. The house edge playing the mimic the dealer strategy
is 3.45%. Raising on everything, or playing blind, results in a
house edge of 7.65%.
Player Wins Ties
I have been asked a few times about the probability of tieing the
dealer in Three Card Poker. This is a valid question because some
casinos let ties go to the player. The effect of this rule lowers
the house edge in the "full pay" bonus table 1 above from
3.37% to 3.24%. I saw this happen once at the Luxor and the player
was paid.
There is a small strategy change to make if the ties go to the player.
Under this rule the player should still raise on Q/6/4 or better,
plus raise on Q/6/3, only when all three suits are different (this
lowers the probability of a dealer flush).
If the player follows the proper raising strategy under the ties
win rules then the probability of a tie is 268272/407170400 = 1
in 1517.75 hands. For academic purposes only, if the player always
raises then the probability of a tie is 450528/407170400 = 1 in
903.76.
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